Чтение онлайн

It is advisable to choose small images for single tasks, for example, alpine: 3.5 :

esschtolts @ cloudshell: ~ (essch) $ docker pull alpine 1> \ dev \ null

esschtolts @ cloudshell: ~ (essch) $ docker pull ubuntu 1> \ dev \ null

esschtolts @ cloudshell: ~ (essch) $ docker images

REPOSITORY TAGIMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

ubuntu latest 93fd78260bd1 4 weeks ago 86.2MB

alpine latest 196d12cf6ab1 3 months ago 4.41MB

By slightly changing the code, we significantly saved on the size of the image:

image: alpine: 3.5

command:

– / bin / bash

– -c

– |

cd / app

apk –update add wget && rm -rf / var / cache / apk / *

tar -xf small_business_encode.tar.gz

rm -f small_business_encode.tar.gz

sed -i '5i php_value short_open_tag 1' .htaccess

sed -i 's / # php_value display_errors 1 / php_value display_errors 1 /' .htaccess

sed -i '5i php_value opcache.revalidate_freq 0' .htaccess

sed -i 's / # php_flag default_charset UTF-8 / php_flag default_charset UTF-8 /' .htaccess

chmod -R 0777.

volumeMounts:

There are also minimalistic images with pre-installed packages such as APIne with git: axeclbr / git and golang: 1-alpine .

Ways to ensure fault tolerance

Any process can crash. In the case of a container, if the main process crashes, then the container containing it also crashes. It is normal for the crash to occur during graceful shutdown. For example, our application in the container makes a backup of the database, in this case, after the container is executed, we get the work done. For demonstration purposes, let's take the sleep command:

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sudo docker pull ubuntu> / dev / null

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sudo docker run -d ubuntu sleep 60

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vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS NAMES

0bd80651c6f9 ubuntu "sleep 60" 15 seconds ago Up 12 seconds distracted_kalam

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sleep 60

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS NAMES

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sudo docker ps -a | grep ubuntu

0bd80651c6f9 ubuntu "sleep 60" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago distracted_kalam

In the case of backups, this is the norm, but in the case of applications that should not be terminated, it is not. A typical trick is a web server. The easiest thing in this case is to restart it:

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sudo docker run -d –restart = always ubuntu sleep 10

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vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sleep 30

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS

c3bc2d2e37a6 ubuntu sleep 10 "46 seconds ago Up 1 second

We see that when the container falls, it restarts. As a result – we always have an application in two states – raised or raised. If a web server crashes from some rare error, this is the norm, but most likely there is an error in processing requests, and it will crash on every such request, and in monitoring we will see a raised container. Such a web server is better dead than half alive. But, at the same time, a normal web server may not start due to rare errors, for example, due to the lack of connection to the database due to network instability. In such a case, the application must be able to handle errors and exit. And in case of a crash due to code errors, do not restart to see the inoperability and send it to the developers for repair. In the case of a floating error, you can try several times:

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sudo docker run -d –restart = on-failure: 3 ubuntu sleep 10

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vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sleep 10

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

c3bc2d2e37a6 ubuntu "sleep 10" 9 minutes ago Up 2 seconds keen_sinoussi

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sleep 10

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sleep 10

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

c3bc2d2e37a6 ubuntu "sleep 10" 10 minutes ago Up 9 seconds keen_sinoussi

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sleep 10

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

c3bc2d2e37a6 ubuntu "sleep 10" 10 minutes ago Up 2 seconds keen_sinoussi

Another aspect is when to consider the container dead. By default, this is a process crash. But, by far, the application does not always crash itself in case of an error in order to allow the container to be restarted. For example, a server may be designed incorrectly and try to download the necessary libraries during its startup, but it does not have this opportunity, for example, due to the blocking of requests by the firewall. In such a scenario, the server can wait a long time if an adequate timeout is not specified. In this case, we need to check the functionality. For a web server, this is a response to a specific url, for example:

docker run –rm -d \

–-name = elasticsearch \

–-health-cmd = "curl –silent –fail localhost: 9200 / _cluster / health || exit 1" \

–-health-interval = 5s \

–-health-retries = 12 \

–-health-timeout = 20s \

{image}

For demonstration, we will use the file creation command. If the application has not reached the working state within the allotted time limit (set to 0) (for example, creating a file), then it is marked as working, but before that the specified number of checks is done:

vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sudo docker run \

–d –name healt \

–-health-timeout = 0s \

–-health-interval = 5s \

–-health-retries = 3 \

–-health-cmd = "ls / halth" \

ubuntu bash -c 'sleep 1000'

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vagrant @ ubuntu: ~ $ sudo docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

c0041a8d973e ubuntu "bash -c 'sleep 1000'" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds (health: starting) healt